鋁的自然屬性，鋁是一種輕金屬,其化合物在自然界中分布極廣,地殼中鋁的資源約為400～500 億噸,僅次于氧和硅,具第三位。在金屬品種中，僅次于鋼鐵，為第二大類金屬。鋁具有特殊的化學(xué)、物理特性，不僅重量輕，質(zhì)地堅(jiān)，而且具有良好的延展性、導(dǎo)電性、導(dǎo)熱性、耐熱性和耐核輻射性，是國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要基礎(chǔ)原材料。
Aluminum is a natural property. Aluminum is a light metal. Its compounds are widely distributed in nature. The resources of aluminum in the earth's crust are about 400~500 billion tons, second only to oxygen and silicon, with third. Among the metal varieties, steel is only second kinds of metals. Aluminum has special chemical and physical properties. It is not only light weight, strong texture, but also has good ductility, conductivity, heat conductivity, heat resistance and radiation resistance. It is an important basic material for the development of national economy.
鋁的比重為2.7，密度為2.72g/cm3，約為一般金屬的1/3。工業(yè)純鋁的力學(xué)性能除了與純度有關(guān)外，還與材料的加工狀態(tài)有關(guān)。由于鋁的塑性很好，具有延展性，便于各種冷、熱壓力加工，它既可以制成厚度僅為0.006 毫米的鋁箔，也可以冷撥成極細(xì)的絲。通過添加其它元素還可以將鋁制成合金使它硬化，強(qiáng)度甚至可以超過結(jié)構(gòu)鋼，但仍保持著質(zhì)輕的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
The specific gravity of aluminum is 2.7, and its density is 2.72g/cm3, which is about 1/3 of common metals. The mechanical properties of industrial pure aluminum are not only related to purity, but also to the processing state of materials. Due to the good plasticity and ductility of aluminum, it is easy to process all kinds of cold and hot pressure. It can be made of aluminum foil with a thickness of only 0.006 millimeters, and it can also be cooled to very fine wire. By adding other elements, aluminum can also be made of alloy to harden it, and its strength can even exceed that of structural steel, but it still maintains the advantage of light weight.
鋁錠的生產(chǎn)是由鋁土礦開采、氧化鋁生產(chǎn)、鋁的電解等生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)所構(gòu)成。

The production of aluminum ingot is made up of bauxite mining, alumina production, aluminum electrolysis and other production links.
生產(chǎn)氧化鋁的鋁土礦主要有三種類型：三水鋁石、一水硬鋁石、一水軟鋁石。在已探明的鋁土礦全球儲量中，92％是風(fēng)化紅土型鋁土礦，屬三水鋁石型，這些鋁土礦的特點(diǎn)是低硅、高鐵、高鋁硅比，集中分布在非洲西部、大洋洲和中南美洲。其余的8％是沉積型鋁土礦，屬一水軟鋁石和一水硬鋁石型，中低品位，主要分布在希臘、前南斯拉夫及匈牙利等地。由于三種鋁土礦的特點(diǎn)不同，各氧化鋁生產(chǎn)企業(yè)在生產(chǎn)上采取了不同的生產(chǎn)工藝，目前主要有拜耳法、堿石灰燒結(jié)法和拜爾－燒結(jié)聯(lián)合法三種。通常高品位鋁土礦采用拜耳法生產(chǎn)，中低品位鋁土礦采用聯(lián)合法或燒結(jié)法生產(chǎn)。拜爾法由于其流程簡單，能耗低，已成為了當(dāng)前氧化鋁生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用較為主要的一種方法，產(chǎn)量約占全球氧化鋁生產(chǎn)總量的95％左右。
There are mainly three types of bauxite producing alumina: gibbsite, diaspore and diaspore. Of the proven bauxite global reserves, 92% is the weathered red clay bauxite, which belongs to the trihydrate type. The bauxite is characterized by low silicon, high iron and high aluminum silicon ratio, concentrated in western Africa, Oceania and central and South America. The other 8% are sedimentary bauxite, which belong to a kind of diaspore and diaspore, with medium and low grade. It is mainly distributed in Greece, former Yugoslavia and Hungary. Because of the different characteristics of the three bauxite, various alumina production enterprises have adopted different production processes in production. At present, there are three kinds of Bayer process, alkali lime sintering method and Bayer sintering method. Usually bauxite ore is produced by Bayer process, and middle and low grade bauxite is produced by combined or sintering method. Bayer process has become the most important method of alumina production because of its simple process and low energy consumption, which accounts for about 95% of the total amount of alumina production in the world.
鋁電解生產(chǎn)可分為側(cè)插陽極棒自焙槽、上插陽極棒自焙槽和預(yù)焙陽極槽三大類。自焙槽生產(chǎn)電解鋁技術(shù)有裝備簡單、建設(shè)周期短、投資少的特點(diǎn)，但煙氣無法處理，污染環(huán)境嚴(yán)重，機(jī)械化困難，勞動強(qiáng)度大，不易大型化，單槽產(chǎn)量低，等一些不易克服的缺點(diǎn)，是正在被淘汰的生產(chǎn)工藝。而目前世界上大部分國家及生產(chǎn)企業(yè)都在使用大型預(yù)焙槽，槽的電流強(qiáng)度達(dá)到了350KA 以上，不僅自動化程度高，能耗低，單槽產(chǎn)量高，而且滿足了環(huán)保法規(guī)的要求。
The production of aluminum electrolysis can be divided into three categories: the self inserted anode slot, the self inserted anode slot and the prebaked anode slot. The production of electrolytic aluminum by self baking tank has the characteristics of simple equipment, short construction period and less investment, but the flue gas can not be treated, the pollution of the environment is serious, the mechanization is difficult, the labor intensity is large, the production is not easy to be large, the production of single slot is low, and the production process is being eliminated. At present, most of the countries and production enterprises in the world are using large precalcined tanks. The current intensity of the grooves is above 350KA, which not only has high automation, low energy consumption and high output of single slot, but also meets the requirements of environmental protection regulations.
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